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An In Situ Dansylation Ultrasound-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Based on Ionic Liquid for Determination of Biogenic Amines in Foods
An in situ derivatization combined with ionic liquid-based ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (IL-USADLLME) method was developed for the extraction of seven biogenic amines (BAs) namely putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, tryptamine, tyramine, spermidine, and spermine in foods. BAs were derivatized in situ with dansyl chloride and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, C4MIMPF6 (extraction solvent) was dispersed into the aqueous sample solution as fine droplets by ultrasonication. Acetonitrile was used as a disperser solvent. Factors affecting the extraction efficiency, such as the dansylation conditions, volume of ionic liquid, ultrasonication time, and extraction temperature have been optimized. BAs were analyzed using C18 monolithic column of high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector after the extraction and centrifugation. The proposed method was linear over 1â��100 mg/L with a correlation coefficient of 0.9871â��0.9992. The limit of detection and quantification based on signal to noise ratio of 3 and 10 ranges from 0.06 to 0.3 mg/L and 0.19 to 0.99 mg/L, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) for intra-day and inter-day assay were less than 3.6%. Relative recoveries ranging from 70.7-118.4% were established using mango juice, local delicacies (tempe, budu), and canned sardine fish samples with %RSD less than 5.5%. The developed method was eco-friendly and was found to be sensitive, rapid, and cost-effective for the determination of BAs in a wide range of food sample matrices. © 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
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