TY  - JOUR
KW  - Algae; Chemical bonds; Electronegativity; Energy dissipation; Fatty acids; Ionic liquids; Lipids; Microorganisms; Microwave irradiation; Microwaves
KW  -  Chlorella vulgaris; Energy balance calculations; Extraction efficiencies; Fatty acid methyl ester; Fatty acid profiles; Imidazolium-based ionic liquid; Micro-algae; Microwave assisted
KW  -  Extraction
KW  -  additive; bioenergy; energy balance; extraction method; fatty acid; green alga; ionic liquid; lipid; microwave radiation; reduction
KW  -  Chlorella vulgaris
ID  - scholars13307
N2  - Microwave is a good candidate towards lipid extraction from microalgae in a bid to reduce the overall energetic consumption and extraction time. 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium-based ILs belonging to 1st generation and 2nd generations, have been used. At 2.5 of OmimOAc in the medium, 19.2% of lipid were obtained, while the conventional IL-less system only yielded 10.9%. More interestingly, the extraction efficiency increases with increasing amount of IL. A broader range of fatty acid profiles was also found to be extracted in the presence of ILs. The lipid extraction ability of the ILs was further confirmed and even dramatically enhanced under high pressure microwave irradiation. At 1.5% IL, the lipid yield reached 37% with FAME profile mirroring the results obtained by hydrophobic IL based extraction. The energy balance calculation have shown a reduction in the energy loss with the different type of IL used resulting in a 12% net energy gain with the OmimNTf2 IL based extraction. A key finding in this study suggests that both the polarity of the ILs and the electronegativity of the anions play an important role in the type of lipids extracted. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
VL  - 149
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85076695212&doi=10.1016%2fj.renene.2019.12.063&partnerID=40&md5=761a907fdcbe12860cdace24d69431e2
A1  - Krishnan, S.
A1  - Ghani, N.A.
A1  - Aminuddin, N.F.
A1  - Quraishi, K.S.
A1  - Azman, N.S.
A1  - Cravotto, G.
A1  - Leveque, J.-M.
JF  - Renewable Energy
Y1  - 2020///
SP  - 244
TI  - Microwave-assisted lipid extraction from Chlorella vulgaris in water with 0.5â??2.5 of imidazolium based ionic liquid as additive
N1  - cited By 39
AV  - none
EP  - 252
SN  - 09601481
PB  - Elsevier Ltd
ER  -