@inproceedings{scholars13047,
            year = {2020},
         journal = {IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering},
       publisher = {Institute of Physics Publishing},
          number = {1},
            note = {cited By 7; Conference of 5th UTP-UMP-UAF Symposium on Energy Systems 2019, SES 2019 ; Conference Date: 1 October 2019 Through 2 October 2019; Conference Code:161025},
          volume = {863},
             doi = {10.1088/1757-899X/863/1/012013},
           title = {Urethane based nanocomposite coated proppants for improved crush resistance during hydraulic fracturing},
            issn = {17578981},
          author = {Qian, T. and Muhsan, A. S. and Htwe, L. and Mohamed, N. and Hussein, O.},
             url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087045734&doi=10.1088\%2f1757-899X\%2f863\%2f1\%2f012013&partnerID=40&md5=a5a7bb667b18f020b62bcd9b7add2571},
        abstract = {Hydraulic fracturing is one of the stimulation techniques that has been used to increase the hydrocarbon flow in unconventional reservoirs. Proppants are normally used to maintain the fracture conductivity and increase the permeability to oil. Due to high closure stress of the fractured formation, the conventional or uncoated proppants are easily crushed. Therefore, this project aims to increase the compressive strength of proppants by coating it with urethane based nanocomposite. Glass beads and fracking sands are coated with urethane resin and mixed with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) respectively. Analysis testing using optical microscopy (OM) was conducted to study the morphology and microstructures of the coated proppants before and after crush test. Results showed remarkable improvement in proppants compression strength up to 41 and 35 after adding only 0.5 of CNTs and 0.1 of rGO respectively to the urethane resin coating. Therefore, it is recommended to utilize this material for coating the proppant with the optimized concentration to prevent pore plugging and proppant from flowing back, achieving the objective and solving both problem statements. {\^A}{\copyright} 2020 Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.}
}