@article{scholars12973,
           title = {Liminal presence of exo-microbes inoculating coconut endosperm waste to enhance black soldier fly larval protein and lipid},
          number = {19},
            note = {cited By 9},
          volume = {27},
             doi = {10.1007/s11356-020-09034-2},
         journal = {Environmental Science and Pollution Research},
       publisher = {Springer},
           pages = {24574--24581},
            year = {2020},
        keywords = {anoxic conditions; decomposition; fermentation; growth; growth rate; inoculation; lipid; metabolism; protein; waste, Hermetia illucens, lipid, animal; coconut; endosperm; larva; Simuliidae, Animals; Cocos; Endosperm; Larva; Lipids; Simuliidae},
             url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85084212784&doi=10.1007\%2fs11356-020-09034-2&partnerID=40&md5=802d395dbb9ce27a9a4a018efa008fe6},
        abstract = {The anaerobic decomposition of coconut endosperm waste (CEW), residue derived from cooking, has been insidiously spewing greenhouse gasses. Thus, the bioconversion of CEW via in situ fermentation by exo-microbes from commercial Rid-X and subsequent valorization by black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) was the primary objective of the current study to gain sustainable larval lipid and protein. Accordingly, various concentrations of exo-microbes were separately homogenized with CEW to perform fermentation amidst feeding to BSFL. It was found that 2.50 of exo-microbes was the threshold amount entailed to assuage competition between exo-microbes and BSFL for common nutrients. The presence of remnant nutrients exuded from the fermentation using 2.50 of exo-microbes was confirmed to promote BSFL growth measured as maximum larval weight gained and growth rate. Although the BSFL could accumulate the highest protein (16{\^A} mg/larva) upon feeding with CEW containing 2.50 of exo-microbes, more lipid (13{\^A} mg/larva) was stored in employing 0.10 of exo-microbes because of minimum loss to metabolic processes while prolonging the BSFL in its 5th instar stage. {\^A}{\copyright} 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.},
            issn = {09441344},
          author = {Hasnol, S. and Lim, J. W. and Wong, C. Y. and Lam, M. K. and Ntwampe, S. K. O.}
}