TY  - JOUR
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090383236&doi=10.3390%2fmembranes10090225&partnerID=40&md5=eca4d87502abe56ee25c84605547e4bf
PB  - MDPI AG
N1  - cited By 13
SP  - 1
IS  - 9
SN  - 20770375
TI  - The water flux dynamic in a hybrid forward osmosis-membrane distillation for produced water treatment
ID  - scholars12785
A1  - Nawi, N.I.M.
A1  - Bilad, M.R.
A1  - Anath, G.
A1  - Nordin, N.A.H.
A1  - Kurnia, J.C.
A1  - Wibisono, Y.
A1  - Arahman, N.
Y1  - 2020///
AV  - none
N2  - Standalone membrane distillation (MD) and forward osmosis (FO) have been considered as promising technologies for produced water treatment. However, standalone MD is still vulnerable to membrane-wetting and scaling problems, while the standalone FO is energy-intensive, since it requires the recovery of the draw solution (DS). Thus, the idea of coupling FO and MD is proposed as a promising combination in which the MD facilitate DS recovery for FOâ??and FO acts as pretreatment to enhance fouling and wetting-resistance of the MD. This study was therefore conducted to investigate the effect of DS temperature on the dynamic of water flux of a hybrid FOâ??MD. First, the effect of the DS temperature on the standalone FO and MD was evaluated. Later, the flux dynamics of both units were evaluated when the FO and DS recovery (via MD) was run simultaneously. Results show that an increase in the temperature difference (from 20 to 60â?¦ C) resulted in an increase of the FO and MD fluxes from 11.17 ± 3.85 to 30.17 ± 5.51 L mâ??2 hâ??1, and from 0.5 ± 0.75 to 16.08 L mâ??2 hâ??1, respectively. For the hybrid FOâ??MD, either MD or FO could act as the limiting process that dictates the equilibrium flux. Both the concentration and the temperature of DS affected the flux dynamic. When the FO flux was higher than MD flux, DS was diluted, and its temperature decreased; both then lowered the FO flux until reaching an equilibrium (equal FO and MD flux). When FO flux was lower than MD flux, the DS was concentrated which increased the FO flux until reaching the equilibrium. The overall results suggest the importance of temperature and concentration of solutes in the DS in affecting the water flux dynamic hybrid process. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
VL  - 10
JF  - Membranes
KW  - Distillation; Distilleries; Produced Water; Recovery; Wetting
KW  -  Draw solutions; Forward osmosis; Forward osmosis membranes; Limiting process; Membrane distillation; Membrane wetting; Scaling problem; Temperature differences
KW  -  Water treatment
EP  - 13
ER  -