eprintid: 12667
rev_number: 2
eprint_status: archive
userid: 1
dir: disk0/00/01/26/67
datestamp: 2023-11-10 03:27:13
lastmod: 2023-11-10 03:27:13
status_changed: 2023-11-10 01:49:14
type: article
metadata_visibility: show
creators_name: Jian, B.T.P.
creators_name: Mustafa, M.R.U.
creators_name: Isa, M.H.
creators_name: Yaqub, A.
creators_name: Chia, H.Y.
title: Study of the water quality index and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon for a river receiving treated landfill leachate
ispublished: pub
keywords: Biochemical oxygen demand; Dissolved oxygen; Drought; Gas chromatography; Groundwater; Leachate treatment; Liquid chromatography; Mineral oils; Neural networks; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Population statistics; Quality assurance; River pollution; Solid wastes; Water quality; Water treatment, Biological oxygen demand; Correlation coefficient; Environmental pollutions; Equivalent concentrations; Operation and maintenance; Physicochemical parameters; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH); Total suspended solids, Rivers, artificial neural network; concentration (composition); correlation; discharge; drinking water; dry season; fluoranthene; landfill; leachate; PAH; physicochemical property; pyrene; river water; sampling; toxicity, Malaysia; Perak; Perak River; West Malaysia
note: cited By 9
abstract: Rising solid waste production has caused high levels of environmental pollution. Population growth, economic patterns, and lifestyle patterns are major factors that have led to the alarming rate of solid waste production. Generally, solid wastes such as paper, wood, and plastic are disposed into landfills due to its low operation and maintenance costs. However, leachate discharged from landfills could be a problem in surfaces and groundwater if not adequately treated. This study investigated the patterns of the water quality index (WQI) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) along Johan River in Perak, Malaysia, which received treated leachate from a nearby landfill. An artificial neural network (ANN) was also applied to predict WQI and PAH concentration of the river. Seven sampling stations were chosen along the river. The stations represented the upstream of leachate discharge, point of leachate discharge, and five locations downstream of the landfill. Sampling was conducted for one year starting July 2018. Physicochemical parameters, namely pH, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, ammoniacal nitrogen, total suspended solids, and dissolved oxygen, were used to compute the water quality index (WQI). PAH concentrations were determined by liquid�liquid extraction of water samples followed by an analysis using gas chromatography. Results showed that WQI of Johan River was under Class III where intensive treatment was required to make it suitable for drinking purposes. The highest recorded PAH concentrations were fluoranthene (333.4 ppb) in the dry season and benzo(a) pyrene (93.5 ppb) in the wet season. A correlation coefficient (Rp) for a model prediction based on WQI-ANN and TEC-ANN (toxicity equivalent concentration) in the wet and dry seasons was 0.9915, 0.9431, 0.9999, and 0.9999, respectively. ANN results showed good model performance with Rp � 0.9. This study suggested that ANN is a useful tool for water quality studies. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
date: 2020
publisher: MDPI AG
official_url: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85095967746&doi=10.3390%2fw12102877&partnerID=40&md5=19d2cd07e7ab9ab7884ccc3be72a2cf1
id_number: 10.3390/w12102877
full_text_status: none
publication: Water (Switzerland)
volume: 12
number: 10
pagerange: 1-29
refereed: TRUE
issn: 20734441
citation:   Jian, B.T.P. and Mustafa, M.R.U. and Isa, M.H. and Yaqub, A. and Chia, H.Y.  (2020) Study of the water quality index and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon for a river receiving treated landfill leachate.  Water (Switzerland), 12 (10).  pp. 1-29.  ISSN 20734441