@article{scholars12553,
          volume = {12},
       publisher = {MDPI AG},
             doi = {10.3390/polym12112644},
           title = {Development of hybrid and templated silica{\^a}??p123 membranes for brackish water desalination},
           pages = {1--13},
            note = {cited By 20},
         journal = {Polymers},
          number = {11},
            year = {2020},
             url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85095968733&doi=10.3390\%2fpolym12112644&partnerID=40&md5=279096fd68467edd9648ec335acf35e8},
            issn = {20734360},
          author = {Elma, M. and Mujiyanti, D. R. and Ismail, N. M. and Bilad, M. R. and Rahma, A. and Rahman, S. K. and Fitriani, {} and Rakhman, A. and Rampun, E. L. A.},
        keywords = {Alumina; Aluminum oxide; Carbon; Desalination; Pore size; Potable water; Rapid thermal processing; Silica; Silicates; Sols; Water filtration, Alumina support; Brackish water; Brackish water desalinations; Ethyl silicate; Hybrid membrane; Salt rejections; Tetraethyl orthosilicates; Water desalination, Membrane technology},
        abstract = {Water scarcity is still a pressing issue in many regions. The application of membrane technology through water desalination to convert brackish to potable water is a promising technology to solve this issue. This study compared the performance of templated TEOS{\^a}??P123 and ES40{\^a}??P123 hybrid membranes for brackish water desalination. The membranes were prepared by the sol{\^a}??gel method by employing tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) for the carbon{\^a}??templated silica (soft template) and ethyl silicate (ES40) for the hybrid organo{\^a}??silica. Both sols were templated by adding 35 wt. of pluronic triblock copolymer (P123) as the carbon source. The silica{\^a}??templated sols were dip{\^a}??coated onto alumina support (four layers) and were calcined by using the RTP (rapid thermal processing) method. The prepared membranes were tested using pervaporation set up at room temperature ({\texttt{\char126}}25 {\^A}oC) using brackish water (0.3 and 1 wt.) as the feed. It was found that the hybrid membrane exhibited the highest specific surface area (6.72 m2{\^a}??g{\^a}??1), pore size (3.67 nm), and pore volume (0.45 cm3{\^a}??g{\^a}??1). The hybrid ES40{\^a}??P123 was twice thicker (2 {\^I}1/4m) than TEOS{\^a}??P123{\^a}?? templated membranes (1 {\^I}1/4m). Lastly, the hybrid ES40{\^a}??P123 displayed highest water flux of 6.2 kg{\^a}??m{\^a}??2{\^a}??h{\^a}??1. Both membranes showed excellent robustness and salt rejections of \>99. {\^A}{\copyright} 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.}
}