%T Effect of electromagnetic energy on net spin orientation of nanocatalyst for enhanced green urea synthesis
%A B. Alqasem
%A S. Sikiru
%A E.M. Ali
%A K.A. Elraies
%A N. Yahya
%A A. Rostami
%A M. Ganeson
%A C.M. Nyuk
%A S. Qureshi
%I Elsevier Editora Ltda
%V 9
%P 16497-16512
%X Catalytic activity of nanomaterials under applied electromagnetic field is a green method which is based on change in spin orientation of nanocatalyst. However, interaction of magnetic and dielectric nanocatalysts with electromagnetic field is not well understood. Here, we propose a kinetic model utilizing electromagnetic field effect on activation energy. This field causes weakening of the bond of the reactant molecules and reduction in activation energy of nanocatalysts. The underlying mechanism is singlet to triplet conversion with the change in spin orientation of gases and nanocatalysts at ambient condition. The results show that saturation magnetization and net spin of Fe3O4 nanocatalysts are higher than ZnO nanocatalyst by 6,764 and 56 times, respectively. Hence, 36.60 reduction in activation energy and 9.70 increase in rate constant for Fe3O4 results in 566.87 increment in urea yield. These findings will pave the way for a new insight on electromagnetic application for industrial chemical reaction. © 2020 The Authors
%K Activation energy; Catalyst activity; Electromagnetic fields; Electromagnetic waves; II-VI semiconductors; Metabolism; Nanocatalysts; Rate constants; Saturation magnetization; Urea; Zinc oxide,  reductions; Adsorption energies; Characteristic impedance; Fe3O4 nanocatalyst; Green urea synthesis; Nano-catalyst; Net spin; Spin orientations; Triplet conversion; Urea synthesis, Magnetite
%D 2020
%R 10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.11.053
%N 6
%O cited By 14
%L scholars12524
%J Journal of Materials Research and Technology