TY  - JOUR
EP  - 1504
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955517454&doi=10.1016%2fj.biombioe.2010.04.027&partnerID=40&md5=9633714d51a7b0da63a03eb16ccd5a47
N2  - Biodiesel can be produced from low cost non-edible oils and fats. However, most of these sources are of high free fatty acid content which requires two stage transesterification to reduce the acid value and produce biodiesel. The acid treatment step is usually followed by base transesterification since the latter can yield higher conversions of methyl esters at shorter reaction time when compared with acid catalyzed reaction. In the current study, base transesterification in the second stage of biodiesel synthesis is studied for a blend of crude palm/crude rubber seed oil that had been characterized and treated with acid esterification. Optimum conditions for the reaction were established and effect of each variable was investigated. The base catalyzed transesterification favored a temperature of 55°C with methanol/oil molar ratio of 8/1 and potassium hydroxide at 2 (ww-1) (oil basis). The conversion of methyl esters exceeded 98 after 5h and the product quality was verified to match that for biodiesel with international standards. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
ID  - scholars1249
N1  - cited By 46
TI  - Base catalyzed transesterification of acid treated vegetable oil blend for biodiesel production
SN  - 09619534
IS  - 10
JF  - Biomass and Bioenergy
VL  - 34
AV  - none
Y1  - 2010///
KW  - Acid esterification; Acid treated; Acid treatments; Acid value; Acid-catalyzed reactions; Base catalyzed; Base transesterification; Biodiesel production; Biodiesel synthesis; Free fatty acid; Hevea brasiliensis; International standards; Low costs; Methyl esters; Molar ratio; Non-edible oil; Optimum conditions; Product quality; Reaction time; Rubber seed oil; Seed oil; Two stage; Vegetable oil blends
KW  -  Acids; Biodiesel; Esterification; Esters; Fatty acids; Optimization; Potassium; Potassium hydroxide; Seed; Synthesis (chemical); Transesterification; Vegetable oils
KW  -  Synthetic fuels
KW  -  acidification; bioenergy; catalysis; cost-benefit analysis; crude oil; ester; fatty acid; hydroxide; industrial production; optimization; temperature effect; vegetable oil
KW  -  Elaeis guineensis; Hevea brasiliensis
A1  - Yusup, S.
A1  - Khan, M.A.
SP  - 1500
ER  -