relation: https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/12463/
title: Nitrogen Pollution Impact and Remediation through Low Cost Starch Based Biodegradable polymers
creator: Ibrahim, K.A.
creator: Naz, M.Y.
creator: Shukrullah, S.
creator: Sulaiman, S.A.
creator: Ghaffar, A.
creator: AbdEl-Salam, N.M.
description: The world does not have too much time to ensure that the fast-growing population has enough land, food, water and energy. The rising food demand has brought a positive surge in fertilizers� demand and agriculture-based economy. The world is using 170 million tons of fertilizer every year for food, fuel, fiber, and feed. The nitrogenous fertilizers are being used to meet 48 of the total food demand of the world. High fertilizer inputs augment the reactive nitrogen levels in soil, air, and water. The unassimilated reactive nitrogen changes into a pollutant and harms the natural resources. The use of controlled-release fertilizers for slowing down the nutrients� leaching has recently been practiced by farmers. However, to date, monitoring of the complete discharge time and discharge rate of controlled released fertilizers is not completely understood by the researchers. In this work, corn starch was thermally processed into a week gel-like coating material by reacting with urea and borate. The granular urea was coated with native and processed starch in a fluidized bed reactor having bottom-up fluid delivery system. The processed starch exhibited better thermal and mechanical stability as compared to the native starch. Unlike the pure starch, the storage modulus of the processed starch dominated the loss modulus. The release time of urea, coated with processed starch, remained remarkably larger than the uncoated urea. © 2020, The Author(s).
publisher: Nature Research
date: 2020
type: Article
type: PeerReviewed
identifier:   Ibrahim, K.A. and Naz, M.Y. and Shukrullah, S. and Sulaiman, S.A. and Ghaffar, A. and AbdEl-Salam, N.M.  (2020) Nitrogen Pollution Impact and Remediation through Low Cost Starch Based Biodegradable polymers.  Scientific Reports, 10 (1).   ISSN 20452322     
relation: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083042276&doi=10.1038%2fs41598-020-62793-3&partnerID=40&md5=53d729a1f963ac0eae0f294d3f150e3a
relation: 10.1038/s41598-020-62793-3
identifier: 10.1038/s41598-020-62793-3