@article{scholars12214,
            year = {2019},
         journal = {International Journal of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering},
          number = {1},
            note = {cited By 9},
           pages = {1--13},
           title = {Numerical investigation of the elbow angle effect on solid particle erosion for liquid-solid},
       publisher = {International Journals of Engineering and Sciences Publisher},
          volume = {19},
            issn = {22272771},
        abstract = {Solid particle erosion is predominant in hydrocarbon production, drilling, and minerals processing industries. Erosion may be cause by the impact of particles of various sizes, shape and hardness to the surface at various speeds and impact conditions. This work pertains Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study to characterize the wear behavior of carbon steel material long radius elbows used as flow changing devices in pipelines of the hydrocarbon production industry. Although extensive studies have been directed to substantiate the association of system parameters and material erosion rate, accurate prediction of the erosion severity in flow changing devices is still a challenge. In this study, CFD with the discrete phase models is adopted to study the solid particle erosion physics and the erosion severity of carbon steel long radius elbow with three different angles 90{\^A}o, 60{\^A}o and 30{\^A}o under the impact of sand particles. The simulation is done with the k-epsilon turbulence model and the simulation result from the k-epsilon model was validated by comparing with the experimental results from the previous study. The 60{\^A}o and 30{\^A}o elbow are less prone to erosion wear and maximum rate appeared in the 90{\^A}o elbow. The largest erosion zones have been identified at or near the outlet of the 90{\^A}oand 60{\^A}o elbows and near to the inlet for 30{\^A}o elbow. Furthermore, the relationship of curvature angle on erosion, particle trajectory and turbulence in the elbow pipe has been discussed. {\^A}{\copyright} 2019, IJENS.},
          author = {Khan, R. and Ya, H. H. and Pao, W.},
             url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85063205285&partnerID=40&md5=f98e84fff6d92d8489ea62a7d82f2ca5}
}