eprintid: 12005
rev_number: 2
eprint_status: archive
userid: 1
dir: disk0/00/01/20/05
datestamp: 2023-11-10 03:26:33
lastmod: 2023-11-10 03:26:33
status_changed: 2023-11-10 01:16:39
type: article
metadata_visibility: show
creators_name: Ibrahim, K.A.
creators_name: Naz, M.Y.
creators_name: Shukrullah, S.
creators_name: Sulaiman, S.A.
creators_name: Ghaffar, A.
creators_name: AbdEl-Salam, N.M.
title: Controlling nitrogen pollution via encapsulation of urea fertilizer in cross-linked corn starch
ispublished: pub
keywords: Coatings; Fluidized beds; Metabolism; Pollution; Rheology; Sodium borate; Urea; Urea fertilizers, Angular frequencies; Chemically modified; Coated ureas; Corn starch; Elastic components; Nitrogen pollution; Slow release; Spray coating, Starch, Coatings; Fluidized Beds; Metabolism; Pollution; Rheology; Sodium Borate
note: cited By 8
abstract: High fertilizer inputs augment the reactive nitrogen level in soil, air, and water. Unused reactive nitrogen acts as a pollutant and harms natural resources. This study focused on the thermal processing of corn starch into a coating material using di-sodium tetraborate and urea. The processed corn starch was coated over granular urea in a vertical bed coating reactor. The chemically modified starch, when compared with native starch, exhibited better stability and mechanical strength over time. The modified starch looked like a weak gel, and its loss modulus was dominated by the storage modulus. However, for native starch, the viscous component dominated the elastic component, especially at lower angular frequencies. The nitrogen release from the coated urea was remarkably slower than the uncoated one. A small difference in the peak and final starch viscosities in the presence of urea and borate revealed low thermal cracking of the starch molecules. The surface of the granular urea that was coated with chemically modified corn starch was uniform, dense, hard, and least porous. The uncoated urea granules became released into water in 6 min under gentle shaking, whereas the coated urea took almost 32 min to completely release. © 2019 BioResources.
date: 2019
publisher: North Carolina State University
official_url: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85075247461&doi=10.15376%2fbiores.14.4.7775-7789&partnerID=40&md5=46610501638b67ccd5af4839bd497ffa
id_number: 10.15376/biores.14.4.7775-7789
full_text_status: none
publication: BioResources
volume: 14
number: 4
pagerange: 7775-7789
refereed: TRUE
issn: 19302126
citation:   Ibrahim, K.A. and Naz, M.Y. and Shukrullah, S. and Sulaiman, S.A. and Ghaffar, A. and AbdEl-Salam, N.M.  (2019) Controlling nitrogen pollution via encapsulation of urea fertilizer in cross-linked corn starch.  BioResources, 14 (4).  pp. 7775-7789.  ISSN 19302126