@article{scholars11631,
             doi = {10.1016/j.bios.2019.02.006},
            note = {cited By 65},
          volume = {131},
           title = {Gold nano-urchin integrated label-free amperometric aptasensing human blood clotting factor IX: A prognosticative approach for {\^a}??Royal disease{\^a}??},
            year = {2019},
           pages = {128--135},
       publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
         journal = {Biosensors and Bioelectronics},
        abstract = {This article is clearly presenting the development of a biosensor for human factor IX (FIX) to diagnose the blood clotting deficiency, a so-called {\^a}??Royal disease{\^a}?? using an interdigitated electrode (IDE) with the zinc oxide surface modification. Gold nano-urchins (GNUs) with 60 nm in diameter was integrated into a streptavidin-biotinylated aptamer strategy to enhance the active surface area. Two different comparative studies have been done to validate the system to be practiced in the current work holds with a higher capability for the high-performance sense. Whereby, the presence and absence of GNUs in the aptasensing system for FIX interaction were investigated using the amperometric measurement, using a linear sweep voltage of 0{\^a}??2 V at 0.01 V step voltage. The detection limit was 6 pM based on 3{\"I}? calculation when GNUs integrated aptamer assay was utilized for FIX detection, which shows 8 folds sensitivity enhancement comparing the condition in the absence of GNU and 50 folds higher than sensitive radio-isotope and surface plasmon resonance assays. Albeit, the surface and molecular characterizations were well demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, 3D nano-profilometry and further supports were rendered by UV{\^a}??Vis spectroscopy and Enzyme-linked apta-sorbent assay (ELASA). Furthermore, the spiking experiment was done by FIX-spikes in human blood serum in order to demonstrate the stability with a higher non-fouling. {\^A}{\copyright} 2019 Elsevier B.V.},
             url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85062145936&doi=10.1016\%2fj.bios.2019.02.006&partnerID=40&md5=36c041c742ddf5d2b8f0884698ae0470},
        keywords = {Atomic force microscopy; Gold; II-VI semiconductors; Proteins; Scanning electron microscopy; Surface plasmon resonance; Surface treatment; Zinc oxide, Amperometry; Aptamers; ELASA; Factor ix; Gold nano, Blood, blood clotting factor 9; gold nanoparticle; radioisotope; zinc oxide; aptamer; blood clotting factor; blood clotting factor 9; gold; streptavidin, Article; atomic force microscopy; biotinylation; chemical modification; electric potential; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; hemophilia; intermethod comparison; limit of detection; process development; profilometry; prognosis; protein binding; scanning electron microscopy; sensitivity analysis; surface area; surface plasmon resonance; ultraviolet visible spectroscopy; blood clotting; chemistry; electrode; genetic procedures; genetics; human; isolation and purification, Aptamers, Nucleotide; Biosensing Techniques; Blood Coagulation; Blood Coagulation Factors; Electrodes; Factor IX; Gold; Humans; Limit of Detection; Prognosis; Streptavidin; Surface Plasmon Resonance},
          author = {Letchumanan, I. and Gopinath, S. C. B. and Md Arshad, M. K. and Anbu, P. and Lakshmipriya, T.},
            issn = {09565663}
}