eprintid: 11583
rev_number: 2
eprint_status: archive
userid: 1
dir: disk0/00/01/15/83
datestamp: 2023-11-10 03:26:06
lastmod: 2023-11-10 03:26:06
status_changed: 2023-11-10 01:15:36
type: article
metadata_visibility: show
creators_name: Chandran, D.
creators_name: Khalid, M.
creators_name: Raviadaran, R.
creators_name: Lau, H.L.N.
creators_name: Liang Yung, C.
creators_name: Kanesan, D.
creators_name: Salim, M.
title: Sustainability of water in diesel emulsion fuel: An assessment of its corrosion behaviour towards copper
ispublished: pub
keywords: Acidity; Biodiesel; Copper corrosion; Corrosion rate; Corrosive effects; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Surface roughness, Copper surface; Corrosion behaviour; Elemental compositions; Emulsifier; Emulsion characterization; Exhaust emission; Immersion tests; Total acid number, Emulsification
note: cited By 17
abstract: Despite studies have demonstrated the possibilities of using water in diesel emulsion fuel to reduce the harmful exhaust emission, limited studies are available at present on the effect of emulsified diesel towards metal corrosion. This study therefore aims to investigate the corrosion behaviour of copper exposed to emulsified diesel. Copper immersion tests in diesel, biodiesel and emulsified diesel were carried out for 1200 h at 25 °C. Similar immersion test in emulsified diesel was also carried out for 240 h, 480 h, 720 h, 960 h and 1200 h at 25 °C. Two emulsifiers such as Span 80 and Tween 80 were used to prepare emulsion consisting of 5 vol of water in diesel. Among the performed analysis were mass loss, surface morphology, elemental composition, surface topography, surface roughness, microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, emulsion characterization, density, viscosity, water content and total acid number. 11.7 times and 4.7 times higher corrosion rate occurred to the copper coupon exposed to emulsified diesel as compared to diesel and biodiesel, respectively. 68 reduction in corrosion rate occurred for the copper exposed to emulsified diesel between 240 h and 1200 h of immersion duration. Up to 3.6 μm and 1.7 μm in pit depth and width, respectively, formed on the copper surface exposed to emulsified diesel for 1200 h at 25 °C. The increased acidity of emulsified diesel by 4.5 times as compared to diesel due to the addition of emulsifiers to form stable water in diesel emulsion is suggested to have caused the increased corrosion rate. Neutralization and/or use of less acidic emulsifier are recommended to reduce the corrosive effect of emulsified diesel. More works on this area are required to establish the compatibility present between emulsified diesel and fuel delivery metals. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
date: 2019
publisher: Elsevier Ltd
official_url: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85062704893&doi=10.1016%2fj.jclepro.2019.02.210&partnerID=40&md5=87cea26789b7027a46f186775810bb71
id_number: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.02.210
full_text_status: none
publication: Journal of Cleaner Production
volume: 220
pagerange: 1005-1013
refereed: TRUE
issn: 09596526
citation:   Chandran, D. and Khalid, M. and Raviadaran, R. and Lau, H.L.N. and Liang Yung, C. and Kanesan, D. and Salim, M.  (2019) Sustainability of water in diesel emulsion fuel: An assessment of its corrosion behaviour towards copper.  Journal of Cleaner Production, 220.  pp. 1005-1013.  ISSN 09596526