TY  - JOUR
N1  - cited By 17
TI  - Liquefaction of palm kernel shell to bio-oil using sub- and supercritical water: An overall kinetic study
SP  - 535
AV  - none
EP  - 541
PB  - Elsevier B.V.
SN  - 17439671
N2  - Palm kernel shell was liquefied using sub- and supercritical water at 330â??390 °C and 25 MPa for different reaction times. The overall kinetics of the liquefaction based on the conversion of biomass was analyzed using kinetic equation adopted from the literature, and the kinetic parameters were estimated from the evaluation of the kinetic equation. In this study, the rate constant (k) increased from 0.43 to 0.49 s â??1 with reaction temperature from 330 to 390 °C. The relationship of rate constant (k) and temperature agreed reasonably well with the Arrhenius equation. The activation energy (E) and pre-exponential factor (A) values for the liquefaction process were estimated to be 6.70 kJ/mol and 1.65 s â??1 , respectively. In addition, the experimental bio-oil yields with respect to reaction time were well-fitted using the modified Reverchon-Sesti Osseo equation. © 2018 Energy Institute
IS  - 3
ID  - scholars11577
KW  - Activation energy; Biofuels; Enzyme kinetics; Integral equations; Kinetic energy; Kinetic theory; Liquefaction; Palm oil; Rate constants
KW  -  Arrhenius equation; Liquefaction process; Palm kernel shells; Preexponential factor; Reaction temperature; Sub- and supercritical waters; Subcritical; Supercritical
KW  -  Kinetics
JF  - Journal of the Energy Institute
A1  - Chan, Y.H.
A1  - Quitain, A.T.
A1  - Yusup, S.
A1  - Uemura, Y.
A1  - Sasaki, M.
A1  - Kida, T.
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85046636832&doi=10.1016%2fj.joei.2018.04.005&partnerID=40&md5=001ac2d4449e565f8450990c0fc41187
VL  - 92
Y1  - 2019///
ER  -