%I Taylor and Francis Ltd.
%A A. Ahmad
%A A.H. Bhat
%A A. Buang
%V 40
%T Enhanced biosorption of transition metals by living Chlorella vulgaris immobilized in Ca-alginate beads
%P 1793-1809
%K Alginate; Biosorption; Cells; Chemicals removal (water treatment); Cytology; Effluents; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Heavy metals; Isotherms; Manganese compounds; Metal ions; Palm oil; Transition metals; Zinc compounds, Ca-alginate; Chlorella vulgaris; Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometers; Industrial wastewaters; Isotherm modeling; Operational conditions; Palm oil mill effluents; Thermodynamic parameter, Iron compounds, calcium alginate; carbon; functional group; hydrogen; iron; manganese; nitrogen; oxygen; sulfur; transition element; zinc; alginic acid; heavy metal, alginate; cell; effluent; green alga; heavy metal; immobilization; mill; reaction kinetics; vegetable oil, aqueous solution; biosorption; Chlorella vulgaris; concentration (parameter); contact time; controlled study; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; immobilization; isotherm; nonhuman; pH; room temperature; thermodynamics; waste water; X ray photoemission spectroscopy; adsorption; biomass; kinetics; water pollutant, algae; Chlorella vulgaris, Adsorption; Alginates; Biomass; Chlorella vulgaris; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Metals, Heavy; Thermodynamics; Water Pollutants, Chemical
%X In this study freely suspended and Ca-alginate immobilized C. vulgaris cells were used for the biosorption of Fe(II), Mn(II), and Zn(II) ions, from the aqueous solution. Experimental data showed that biosorption capacity of algal cells was strongly dependent on the operational condition such as pH, initial metal ions concentration, dosages, contact time and temperature. The maximum biosorption of Fe(II) 43.43, Mn(II) 40.98 and Zn(II) 37.43 mg/g was achieved with Ca-alginate immobilized algal cells at optimum pH of 6.0, algal cells dosage 0.6 g/L, and contact time of 450 min at room temperature. The biosorption efficiency of freely suspended and immobilized C. vulgaris cells for heavy metals removal from the industrial wastewater was validated. Modeling of biosorption kinetics showed good agreements with pseudo-second-order. Langmuir and D�R isotherm models exhibited the best fit of experimental data. The thermodynamic parameters (�G°, �H°, and �S°) revealed that the biosorption of considered metal ions was feasible, spontaneous and exothermic at 25�45°C. The SEM showed porous morphology which greatly helps in the biosorption of heavy metals. The Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) and X-rays Photon Spectroscopy (XPS) data spectra indicated that the functional groups predominately involved in the biosorption were C�N, �OH, COO�, �CH, C=C, C=S and �C�. These results shows that immobilized algal cells in alginate beads could potentially enhance the biosorption of considered metal ions than freely suspended cells. Furthermore, the biosorbent has significantly removed heavy metals from industrial wastewater at the optimized condition. © 2018, © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
%J Environmental Technology (United Kingdom)
%L scholars11529
%O cited By 32
%N 14
%R 10.1080/09593330.2018.1430171
%D 2019