@article{scholars11447,
            year = {2019},
           pages = {871--882},
         journal = {Journal of the Energy Institute},
       publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
             doi = {10.1016/j.joei.2018.08.002},
          number = {4},
            note = {cited By 37},
          volume = {92},
           title = {Catalytic co-gasification of coconut shells and oil palm fronds blends in the presence of cement, dolomite, and limestone: Parametric optimization via Box Behnken Design},
          author = {Inayat, M. and Sulaiman, S. A. and Kurnia, J. C.},
            issn = {17439671},
        abstract = {In this study, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in combination with Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was used to optimize the temperature, catalyst loading, and blending ratio for a co-gasification process. The catalytic co-gasification of coconut shells (CS) and oil palm fronds (OPF) blends was performed in the presence of cement, dolomite, and limestone catalysts. A combined effect of temperature, catalyst loading, and blending ratio on production of H2, CO, and tar formation was investigated by using a BBD approach. The results showed the strongest influence of the process temperature on H2 and CO yield, and tar formation followed by the catalyst loading and blending ratio. A catalyst loading of 30 wt, process temperature of 900 {\^A}oC and blending ratio of CS50:OPF50 were predicted as the optimized conditions for the reported co-gasification results. The highest H2 yield of 20.64 vol was produced during catalytic co-gasification of the blended biomass with limestone followed by the cement (18.22 vol) and dolomite (14.99 vol). Under optimized process conditions, lowest tar concentration of 0.87 g/Nm3 was obtained with limestone follow by the cement (1.42 g/Nm3) and dolomite (2.13 g/Nm3). However, blending ratio did not affect H2, CO yield, and tar formation appreciably. Conclusively, the mixing ratio of CS and OPF would have a negligible role in controlling the process output. {\^A}{\copyright} 2018 Energy Institute},
             url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85053351387&doi=10.1016\%2fj.joei.2018.08.002&partnerID=40&md5=4f4ea2be454c35d391dbeb1af9faa158},
        keywords = {Blending; Catalysts; Cements; Gasification; Lime; Limestone; Palm oil; Tar, Boxbehnken design (BBD); Co-gasification; Oil palm frond; Optimized conditions; Parametric optimization; Process temperature; Response surface methodology; RSM optimization, Loading}
}