@article{scholars11445,
           pages = {1272--1280},
         journal = {Renewable Energy},
          volume = {139},
            note = {cited By 105},
       publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
           title = {Optimization of process variables for biodiesel production by transesterification of flaxseed oil and produced biodiesel characterizations},
            year = {2019},
             doi = {10.1016/j.renene.2019.03.036},
        keywords = {Catalysts; Flax; Methanol; Molar ratio; Oilseeds; Physicochemical properties; Potassium hydroxide; Surface properties; Transesterification, Biodiesel production; Central composite designs; Experimental verification; Flaxseed oil; Physicochemical parameters; Reaction temperature; Response surface methodology; Transesterification reaction, Biodiesel, biofuel; catalyst; chemical reaction; design method; essential oil; experimental study; methanol; operations technology; optimization; response surface methodology; temperature effect},
          author = {Ahmad, T. and Danish, M. and Kale, P. and Geremew, B. and Adeloju, S. B. and Nizami, M. and Ayoub, M.},
             url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85063325053&doi=10.1016\%2fj.renene.2019.03.036&partnerID=40&md5=68df2a0c42c0f889bfac6ab6b487dee0},
            issn = {09601481},
        abstract = {Optimization of the operating factors to achieve the maximum yield of biodiesel through transesterification reaction was performed by using face-centered central composite design (FCCD) approach of response surface methodology. A total of 29 independent batch experiments were considered in this model to carefully observe the effect of operating factors, such as the volume ratio of methanol/oil, catalyst (KOH) weight percent, reaction temperature, and reaction time. The FCCD model predicted that a maximum yield of 99.5 biodiesel would be achieved from flaxseed oil at a reaction temperature of 59 {\^A}oC, 0.51 catalyst, the reaction time of 33 min, and a molar ratio of methanol to flaxseed oil of 5.9:1. Experimental verification of the predicted yield under the optimum conditions gave a maximum yield of 98 {\^A}{$\pm$} 2, which is in very good agreement with the predicted value of the model. The physicochemical properties of the flaxseed oil-derived biodiesel were compared with those of standard biodiesel to identify and verify the quality of the produced biodiesel. All observed physicochemical parameters of the flaxseed oil-derived biodiesel were closely in agreement with those of standard biodiesel. Thus, demonstrating that the production of high-quality biodiesel from flaxseed oil is a viable option. {\^A}{\copyright} 2019}
}