TY  - JOUR
ID  - scholars11030
TI  - Microalgae in food-energy-water nexus: A review on progress of forward osmosis applications
KW  - Algae; Dewatering; Membranes; Microorganisms; Osmosis; Wastewater treatment; Water treatment
KW  -  Critical factors; Downstream process; Forward osmosis; Membrane process; Micro-algae; Microalgae harvesting; Osmotic dillution; Recent progress
KW  -  Rivers
N2  - Nowadays the world is facing vulnerability problems related to food, energy and water demands. The challenges in those subsystems are intertwined and thus require inter-discipline approaches to address them. Bioresources offer promising solutions of the dilemma. Microalgae biomass is expected to become a superfood and a favorable energy feedstock and assist in supplying clean water and treat wastewater. Efficient mass production of microalgae, both during upstream and downstream processes, is thus a key process for providing high quality and affordable microalgae biomass. This paper covers recent progress in microalgae harvesting and dewatering by using osmotic driven membrane process, i.e., forward osmosis. Critical factors during forward osmosis process for microalgae harvesting and dewatering are discussed. Finally, perspective on further research directions and implementation scenarios of the forward osmosis are also provided. © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
N1  - cited By 16
IS  - 12
AV  - none
VL  - 9
JF  - Membranes
A1  - Wibisono, Y.
A1  - Nugroho, W.A.
A1  - Devianto, L.A.
A1  - Sulianto, A.A.
A1  - Bilad, M.R.
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85076226112&doi=10.3390%2fmembranes9120166&partnerID=40&md5=eb3e124eaa5d574f4237cc963e648064
PB  - MDPI AG
SN  - 20770375
Y1  - 2019///
ER  -