@inproceedings{scholars110,
           title = {A signal processing module for the analysis of heart sounds and heart murmurs},
          number = {1},
          volume = {34},
            note = {cited By 35},
             doi = {10.1088/1742-6596/34/1/181},
         journal = {Journal of Physics: Conference Series},
       publisher = {Institute of Physics Publishing},
           pages = {1098--1105},
            year = {2006},
             url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33744548877&doi=10.1088\%2f1742-6596\%2f34\%2f1\%2f181&partnerID=40&md5=9f2e1fcb2366d68544e74214e70a08f7},
        abstract = {In this paper a Signal Processing Module (SPM) for the computer-aided analysis of heart sounds has been developed. The module reveals important information of cardiovascular disorders and can assist general physician to come up with more accurate and reliable diagnosis at early stages. It can overcome the deficiency of expert doctors in rural as well as urban clinics and hospitals. The module has five main blocks: Data Acquisition \& Pre-processing, Segmentation, Feature Extraction, Murmur Detection and Murmur Classification. The heart sounds are first acquired using an electronic stethoscope which has the capability of transferring these signals to the near by workstation using wireless media. Then the signals are segmented into individual cycles as well as individual components using the spectral analysis of heart without using any reference signal like ECG. Then the features are extracted from the individual components using Spectrogram and are used as an input to a MLP (Multiple Layer Perceptron) Neural Network that is trained to detect the presence of heart murmurs. Once the murmur is detected they are classified into seven classes depending on their timing within the cardiac cycle using Smoothed Pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution. The module has been tested with real heart sounds from 40 patients and has proved to be quite efficient and robust while dealing with a large variety of pathological conditions. {\^A}{\copyright} 2006 IOP Publishing Ltd.},
          author = {Javed, F. and Venkatachalam, P. A. and Ahmad Fadzil, M. H.},
            issn = {17426588}
}