TY  - JOUR
N2  - This paper introduces the bio-oil and bio-char by-products derived from the chicken manure (CM) waste materials as a bio-binder for flexible road construction. Chicken manure has numerous applications in the biofuel and energy using various methods of converting the chicken manure to bio-oil, biochar, and biogas. It needs more treatments for producing more efficient bio-products. Therefore, this article reviews the enhancement mechanisms for the bio-oil production and toward more sustainable bio-binder derived from chicken manure for flexible pavement constructions. It was found that chicken manure has a strong potential to be used for more sustainable and cost-effective applications. However, for road construction bio-binder, applying the chicken manure has some challenges such as the lower density; higher water content and lower adhesion performance. It is also highlighted the research gaps of bio-binder derived from the chicken manure were identified in terms of waste management, enhancement the biofuel production and toward greener and more sustainable bio-binder for flexible pavement constructions. © International Research Publication House.
IS  - 12
ID  - scholars10700
A1  - Al-Sabaeei, A.M.
A1  - Napiah, M.B.
A1  - Sutanto, M.H.
A1  - Alaloul, W.S.
A1  - Ghaleb, A.A.S.
JF  - International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85059460395&partnerID=40&md5=27bf7b0f7b0d8d54cd95f94f52704bf9
VL  - 11
Y1  - 2018///
N1  - cited By 1
TI  - An overview on using the chicken manure (CM) waste as a bio-binder for sustainable flexible pavement
SP  - 2023
AV  - none
EP  - 2033
PB  - International Research Publication House
SN  - 09743154
ER  -