TY  - JOUR
EP  - 59
ID  - scholars10564
KW  - Acetonitrile; Blood; Body fluids; Caustic soda; Chromatography; Hydrophilicity; Lakes; Liquid chromatography; Liquids; Organic solvents; Phase separation; Sodium; Solvent extraction
KW  -  Biguanides; Blood plasma; Environmental sample; HILIC; Liquid-liquid extraction; Metformins
KW  -  Extraction
KW  -  acetonitrile; biguanide derivative; buformin; inorganic salt; lake water; metformin; phenformin; sodium hydroxide; acetonitrile derivative; biguanide derivative; sodium chloride
KW  -  adsorption; Article; centrifugation; drug determination; evaporation; high performance liquid chromatography; hydrophilic interaction chromatography; limit of detection; limit of quantitation; lipophilicity; liquid liquid extraction; phase separation; precipitation; priority journal; urine sampling; analysis; chemical phenomena; chemistry; human; isolation and purification; lake; liquid liquid extraction; procedures; reproducibility; statistical model; urine; water pollutant
KW  -  Acetonitriles; Biguanides; Chromatography
KW  -  High Pressure Liquid; Humans; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Lakes; Limit of Detection; Linear Models; Liquid-Liquid Extraction; Reproducibility of Results; Sodium Chloride; Water Pollutants
KW  -  Chemical
TI  - Salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction coupled with hydrophilic interaction chromatography for the determination of biguanides in biological and environmental samples
SN  - 15700232
N2  - A new salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction (SALLE) sample preparation method for the determination of the polar anti-diabetic biguanide drugs (metformin, buformin and phenformin) in blood plasma, urine and lake water samples were developed. The SALLE was performed by mixing samples (plasma (0.2 mL), urine or lake water (1.0 mL)) with acetonitrile (0.4 mL for plasma, 0.5 mL for urine or lake water), sodium hydroxide powder was then added for the phase separation. The effects of type of salting-out reagent, type of extraction solvent, volumes of acetonitrile and sample, amount of sodium hydroxide, vortexing and centrifugation times on the extraction efficiency were investigated. The upper layer, containing the biguanides, was directly injected into a HPLC unit using ZIC-HILIC column (150 mm Ã? 2.1 mm Ã? 3.5 μm) and was detected at 236 nm. The method was validated and calibration curves were linear with r2 > 0.99 over the range of 20â??2000 μg Lâ??1 for plasma and 5â??2000 μg Lâ??1 for urine and lake water samples. The limits of detection were in the range (3.8â??5.6) μg Lâ??1, (0.8â??1.5) μg Lâ??1 and (0.3â??0.8) μg Lâ??1 for plasma, urine and lake water, respectively. The accuracies in the three matrices were within 87.3â??103, 87.4â??109, 82.2â??109 of the nominal concentration for metformin, buformin and phenformin, respectively. The relative standard deviation for inter- and intra â??day precision were in the range of 1.0â??17 for all analytes in the three matrices. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.
AV  - none
PB  - Elsevier B.V.
SP  - 51
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85037539556&doi=10.1016%2fj.jchromb.2017.12.013&partnerID=40&md5=01573ba9ff0fad16ce8ffc0e34d3fcf1
N1  - cited By 23
A1  - Alshishani, A.
A1  - Salhimi, S.M.
A1  - Saad, B.
Y1  - 2018///
VL  - 1073
JF  - Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences
ER  -