TY  - JOUR
AV  - none
N1  - cited By 119
TI  - Efficient conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to levulinic acid using acidic ionic liquids
SP  - 208
SN  - 01448617
PB  - Elsevier Ltd
EP  - 214
N2  - In the present research work, dicationic ionic liquids, containing 1,4-bis(3-methylimidazolium-1-yl) butane (C4(Mim)2) cation with counter anions (2HSO4)(H2SO4)0, (2HSO4)(H2SO4)2 and (2HSO4)(H2SO4)4 were synthesised. ILs structures were confirmed using 1H NMR spectroscopy. Thermal stability, Hammett acidity, density and viscosity of ILs were determined. Various types of lignocellulosic biomass such as rubber wood, palm oil frond, bamboo and rice husk were converted into levulinic acid (LA). Among the synthesized ionic liquids, C4(Mim)2(2HSO4)(H2SO4)4 showed higher % yield of LA up to 47.52 from bamboo biomass at 110 °C for 60 min, which is the better yield at low temperature and short time compared to previous reports. Surface morphology, surface functional groups and thermal stability of bamboo before and after conversion into LA were studied using SEM, FTIR and TGA analysis, respectively. This one-pot production of LA from agro-waste will open new opportunity for the conversion of sustainable biomass resources into valuable chemicals. © 2017
KW  - Bamboo; Biomass; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Liquids; Negative ions; Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Oils and fats; Optimization; Organic acids; Palm oil; Temperature; Thermodynamic stability
KW  -  1H NMR spectroscopy; Acidic ionic liquids; Dicationic ionic liquids; Hammett acidities; Levulinic acid; Lignocellulosic biomass; Surface functional groups; Valuable chemicals
KW  -  Ionic liquids
KW  -  acid; ionic liquid; levulinic acid; lignin; lignocellulose
KW  -  Bambusa; biomass; catalysis; chemistry; infrared spectroscopy; metabolism; temperature; time factor; viscosity
KW  -  Acids; Bambusa; Biomass; Catalysis; Ionic Liquids; Levulinic Acids; Lignin; Spectroscopy
KW  -  Fourier Transform Infrared; Temperature; Time Factors; Viscosity
ID  - scholars10547
Y1  - 2018///
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85032002177&doi=10.1016%2fj.carbpol.2017.10.064&partnerID=40&md5=c37d359d294e0f4e1856f1ae8db34444
JF  - Carbohydrate Polymers
A1  - Khan, A.S.
A1  - Man, Z.
A1  - Bustam, M.A.
A1  - Nasrullah, A.
A1  - Ullah, Z.
A1  - Sarwono, A.
A1  - Shah, F.U.
A1  - Muhammad, N.
VL  - 181
ER  -