TY  - JOUR
EP  - 5436
PB  - Springer Verlag
SN  - 09441344
N1  - cited By 13
TI  - Genotoxicity assessment of raw and treated water samples using Allium cepa assay: evidence from Perak River, Malaysia
SP  - 5421
AV  - none
JF  - Environmental Science and Pollution Research
A1  - Malakahmad, A.
A1  - Manan, T.S.B.A.
A1  - Sivapalan, S.
A1  - Khan, T.
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85037667242&doi=10.1007%2fs11356-017-0721-8&partnerID=40&md5=59d7a7ecac9106ee1f7168eb9234feb8
VL  - 25
Y1  - 2018///
N2  - Allium cepa assay was carried out in this study to evaluate genotoxic effects of raw and treated water samples from Perak River in Perak state, Malaysia. Samples were collected from three surface water treatment plants along the river, namely WTPP, WTPS, and WTPK. Initially, triplicates of equal size Allium cepa (onions) bulbs, 25â??30 mm in diameter and average weight of 20 g, were set up in distilled water for 24 h at 20 ± 2 °C and protected from direct sunlight, to let the roots to grow. After germination of roots (0.5â??1.0 cm in length), bulbs were transferred to collected water samples each for a 96-h period of exposure. The root physical deformations were observed. Genotoxicity quantification was based on mitotic index and genotoxicity level. Statistical analysis using cross-correlation function for replicates from treated water showed that root length has inverse correlation with mitotic indices (r = â?? 0.969) and frequencies of cell aberrations (r = â?? 0.976) at lag 1. Mitotic indices and cell aberrations of replicates from raw water have shown positive correlation at lag 1 (r = 0.946). Genotoxicity levels obtained were 23.4 ± 1.98 (WTPP), 26.68 ± 0.34 (WTPS), and 30.4 ± 1.13 (WTPK) for treated water and 17.8 ± 0.18 (WTPP), 37.15 ± 0.17 (WTPS), and 47.2 ± 0.48 (WTPK) for raw water. The observed cell aberrations were adherence, chromosome delay, C-metaphase, chromosome loss, chromosome bridge, chromosome breaks, binucleated cell, mini cell, and lobulated nuclei. The morphogenetic deformations obtained were likely due to genotoxic substances presence in collected water samples. Thus, water treatment in Malaysia does not remove genotoxic compounds. © 2017, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
IS  - 6
ID  - scholars10536
KW  - assessment method; bioassay; cell component; chromosome; environmental monitoring; genotoxicity; morphogenesis; river pollution; river water; root system; solar radiation; surface water; water treatment; water treatment plant
KW  -  Malaysia; Malaysia; Perak; Perak River; West Malaysia
KW  -  Allium cepa
KW  -  mutagenic agent
KW  -  chemistry; comparative study; cytology; drug effect; environmental monitoring; genetics; growth
KW  -  development and aging; Malaysia; mitosis index; mutagen testing; onion; plant root; river; statistics and numerical data; toxicity; water management; water pollutant
KW  -  Environmental Monitoring; Malaysia; Mitotic Index; Mutagenicity Tests; Mutagens; Onions; Plant Roots; Rivers; Water Pollutants
KW  -  Chemical; Water Purification
ER  -