TY  - JOUR
AV  - none
N1  - cited By 115
SP  - 45
TI  - A review of mathematical modeling and simulation of controlled-release fertilizers
SN  - 01683659
PB  - Elsevier B.V.
EP  - 54
N2  - Nutrients released into soils from uncoated fertilizer granules are lost continuously due to volatilization, leaching, denitrification, and surface run-off. These issues have caused economic loss due to low nutrient absorption efficiency and environmental pollution due to hazardous emissions and water eutrophication. Controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs) can change the release kinetics of the fertilizer nutrients through an abatement strategy to offset these issues by providing the fertilizer content in synchrony with the metabolic needs of the plants. Parametric analysis of release characteristics of CRFs is of paramount importance for the design and development of new CRFs. However, the experimental approaches are not only time consuming, but they are also cumbersome and expensive. Scientists have introduced mathematical modeling techniques to predict the release of nutrients from the CRFs to elucidate fundamental understanding of the dynamics of the release processes and to design new CRFs in a shorter time and with relatively lower cost. This paper reviews and critically analyzes the latest developments in the mathematical modeling and simulation techniques that have been reported for the characteristics and mechanisms of nutrient release from CRFs. The scope of this review includes the modeling and simulations techniques used for coated, controlled-release fertilizers. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.
KW  - Eutrophication; Losses; Metabolism; Models; Urea; Urea fertilizers; Water absorption; Water pollution
KW  -  Characteristics and mechanisms; Compound fertilizer; Controlled-release fertilizers; Environmental pollutions; Mathematical modeling and simulation; Release characteristics; Release mechanism; Simulation
KW  -  Nutrients
KW  -  fertilizer; nitrogen; phosphorus; polymer; potassium
KW  -  controlled release formulation; material coating; mathematical model; nutrient; priority journal; Review; simulation; chemistry; computer simulation; delayed release formulation; drug release; theoretical model
KW  -  Computer Simulation; Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Liberation; Fertilizers; Models
KW  -  Theoretical
ID  - scholars10510
Y1  - 2018///
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85039727238&doi=10.1016%2fj.jconrel.2017.12.017&partnerID=40&md5=815d28a896504bb42d66294d1deb9fdf
JF  - Journal of Controlled Release
A1  - Irfan, S.A.
A1  - Razali, R.
A1  - KuShaari, K.
A1  - Mansor, N.
A1  - Azeem, B.
A1  - Ford Versypt, A.N.
VL  - 271
ER  -