@article{scholars10311,
            year = {2018},
           pages = {363--373},
       publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
         journal = {Energy Conversion and Management},
             doi = {10.1016/j.enconman.2018.03.020},
          volume = {164},
            note = {cited By 49},
           title = {Semi-continuous cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris using chicken compost as nutrients source: Growth optimization study and fatty acid composition analysis},
          author = {Tan, X. B. and Lam, M. K. and Uemura, Y. and Lim, J. W. and Wong, C. Y. and Ramli, A. and Kiew, P. L. and Lee, K. T.},
            issn = {01968904},
             url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85043473341&doi=10.1016\%2fj.enconman.2018.03.020&partnerID=40&md5=8c72f25c5636ef66596d01291fefe9de},
        keywords = {Algae; Animals; Biodiesel; Biomass; Extraction; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Unsaturated fatty acids, Biomass productivity; Chlorella vulgaris; Fatty acid composition; Fatty acid methyl ester; Fourier transform infra reds; Growth optimization; Micro-algae; Semi-continuous, Composting},
        abstract = {In the present study, cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris was extensively explored under semi-continuous approach to enhance its growth. The microalgae were cultivated in a photobioreactor supplemented with compost derived from chicken waste as an alternative nutrients source in both batch and semi-continuous cultivations. It was found that Chlorella vulgaris grew well up to 17 cycles of semi-continuous cultivation based on the following conditions for each cycle (3 days per cycle): 30 (v/v) removal of cultivation medium and 0.04 L/L of chicken compost in cultivation medium of pH 3. The average biomass productivity attained through these conditions was 0.0736 g/L/day, which was higher than batch cultivation (0.0568 g/L/day). Besides, the average total lipid content from each cycle under semi-continuous cultivation was maintained in the range of 25{\^a}??35 wt. The success of lipid extraction from the microalgae biomass was evidenced by the result of Fourier Transform Infrared Red (FT-IR) analysis that revealed lower peak intensity of carbon, especially in the range 2809{\^a}??3012 cm{\^a}??1 after lipid extraction. It was also worthwhile to mention that the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) compositions of Chlorella vulgaris consisted mainly of C16:0 and C18:3 that were not significantly altered during the semi-continuous cultivation. Both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in the harvested biomass accounted for approximately 26.3 and 73.3, respectively, within 5 cycles of the cultivation. {\^A}{\copyright} 2018 Elsevier Ltd}
}