@article{scholars10296,
            note = {cited By 114},
       publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
           pages = {118--128},
         journal = {Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells},
          volume = {179},
             doi = {10.1016/j.solmat.2017.10.027},
            year = {2018},
           title = {Properties of glycerol and ethylene glycol mixture based SiO2-CuO/C hybrid nanofluid for enhanced solar energy transport},
        keywords = {Copper compounds; Copper oxides; Ethylene; Ethylene glycol; Glycerol; Heat transfer; Mixtures; Nanoparticles; Physical properties; Polyols; Silica; Silicon compounds; Solar collectors; Solar energy; Specific heat; Synthesis (chemical); Thermal conductivity; Thermodynamic properties; Ultrasonic applications; Viscosity, Empirical correlations; Heat Transfer enhancement; Hybrid nanofluid; Hybrid nanoparticle; Mixing techniques; Temperature range; Thermo-physical property; Volume concentration, Nanofluidics},
        abstract = {Hybrid nanofluids are a novel class of colloidal fluids which have drawn significant attention due to potential tailoring of their thermo-physical properties for heat transfer enhancement by a combination of more than one nano-additive to meet specific requirements of an application. In the present work, ceramic copper oxide/carbon (SiO2-CuO/C) nanoparticles in 80:20 (wt) composition were prepared by ultrasonic-assisted wet mixing technique. The hybrid nanofluid was formulated by dispersing the nanoparticles into a base fluid mixture of 60:40 ( by mass) glycerol and ethylene glycol (G/EG) using the two-steps method. The influence of nanoparticles on the augmentation of specific heat, thermal conductivity and viscosity was examined in the volume concentration range of 0.5{\^a}??2.0 in the temperature range of 303.15{\^a}??353.15 K. The results demonstrate that the synthesized SiO2-CuO/C hybrid nanoparticles enhanced the thermo-physical properties of the base fluid mixture which is higher than using SiO2 alone. In the case of SiO2{\^a}??G/EG nanofluid, the specific heat capacity decremented by a maximum value of 5.7 whereas the thermal conductivity and viscosity incremented by 6.9 and 1.33-times as compared with G/EG at maximum volume concentration of 2.0 at a temperature of 353.15 K. Comparatively, a reinforcement of 80 SiO2 with 20 CuO/C in G/EG mixture led to thermal conductivity and viscosity enhancement by 26.9 and 1.15-times, respectively with a significant reduction of specific heat by 21.1. New empirical correlations were proposed based on the experimental data for evaluation of thermophysical properties. {\^A}{\copyright} 2017 Elsevier B.V.},
            issn = {09270248},
          author = {Akilu, S. and Baheta, A. T. and M.Said, M. A. and Minea, A. A. and Sharma, K. V.},
             url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85039054732&doi=10.1016\%2fj.solmat.2017.10.027&partnerID=40&md5=3f93588fcf623385a382cbafcfc63428}
}