@article{scholars10277,
         journal = {Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers},
       publisher = {Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers},
           pages = {216--224},
            year = {2018},
           title = {Co-cultivation of activated sludge and microalgae for the simultaneous enhancements of nitrogen-rich wastewater bioremediation and lipid production},
            note = {cited By 63},
          volume = {87},
             doi = {10.1016/j.jtice.2018.03.038},
          author = {Leong, W.-H. and Lim, J.-W. and Lam, M.-K. and Uemura, Y. and Ho, C.-D. and Ho, Y.-C.},
            issn = {18761070},
        abstract = {The symbiotic relationships between activated sludge and microalgae were explored for bio-remediating nitrogen-rich wastewater and producing lipid-based biofuel simultaneously. Various inoculation ratios of activated sludge to microalgae (AS:MA) biomasses were employed to unveil the mechanism of NH4 +-N removal in relation to lipid production from algal-bacterial biomass. The presence of nitrifiers in converting NH4 +-N into oxidized nitrogen (NO2 {\^a}??-N and NO3 {\^a}??-N) had greatly enhanced the total nitrogen removal in the co-cultivation bioreactors as compared with the individual culture of either activated sludge or microalgae. Accordingly, achieving near complete nitrogen removal (97{\^a}??98) when the bioreactors were inoculated with AS:MA ratios of 1:0.75 and beyond. The kinetic growths of co-cultivated activated sludge and microalgae biomasses were also investigated using Verhulst model; demonstrating a significant increase of specific biomass growth rate with increasing of initial microalgae inoculation ratio. The AS:MA ratio of 1:0.75 was considered optimum for the symbiotic algal-bacterial interactions, attaining the highest lipid yield of 130 mg/L and flocculation efficiency of 42 which would aid the biomass harvesting process. {\^A}{\copyright} 2018 Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers},
             url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85045013503&doi=10.1016\%2fj.jtice.2018.03.038&partnerID=40&md5=99562d572497682bf387269a7ed28707},
        keywords = {Algae; Biomass; Bioreactors; Bioremediation; Microorganisms, Activated sludge; Co-cultivation; Kinetic growth; Lipid productions; Micro-algae, Nitrogen removal}
}