eprintid: 10221
rev_number: 2
eprint_status: archive
userid: 1
dir: disk0/00/01/02/21
datestamp: 2023-11-09 16:36:51
lastmod: 2023-11-09 16:36:51
status_changed: 2023-11-09 16:30:52
type: article
metadata_visibility: show
creators_name: Sarwono, A.
creators_name: Man, Z.
creators_name: Bustam, M.A.
creators_name: Subbarao, D.
creators_name: Idris, A.
creators_name: Muhammad, N.
creators_name: Khan, A.S.
creators_name: Ullah, Z.
title: Swelling mechanism of urea cross-linked starch�lignin films in water
ispublished: pub
keywords: Activation energy; Composite films; Diffusion; Fertilizers; Gravimetric analysis; Lignin; Metabolism; Starch; Swelling; Urea, Composite thin films; Cross-linked starch; Empirical model; Lignin contents; Slow release fertilizers; Solution casting; Swelling mechanism; Temperature increase, Thin films, fertilizer; lignin; starch; urea; water; lignin; starch; urea; water, coating; composite; diffusion; fertilizer; film; hydrophobicity; lignin; starch; swelling; temperature; urea; water uptake, Article; composite thin film; cross linking; diffusion; diffusion coefficient; energy; gravimetry; hydrophobicity; material coating; temperature; water absorption; water transport; chemistry; permeability; water management, Diffusion; Lignin; Permeability; Starch; Urea; Water; Water Purification
note: cited By 3
abstract: Coating fertilizer particles with thin films is a possibility to control fertilizer release rates. It is observed that novel urea cross-linked starch�lignin composite thin films, prepared by solution casting, swell on coming into contact with water due to the increase in volume by water uptake by diffusion. The effect of lignin content, varied from 0 to 20 in steps of 5 at three different temperatures (25°C, 35°C and 45°C), on swelling of the film was investigated. By gravimetric analysis, the equilibrium water uptake and diffusion coefficient decrease with lignin content, indicating that the addition of lignin increases the hydrophobicity of the films. When temperature increases, the diffusion coefficient and the amount of water absorbed tend to increase. Assuming that swelling of the thin film is by water uptake by diffusion, the diffusion coefficient is estimated. The estimated diffusion coefficient decreases from 4.3 to 2.1 � 10�7 cm2/s at 25°C, from 5.3 to 2.9 � 10�7cm2/s at 35°C and from 6.2 to 3.8 � 10�7 cm2/s at 45°C depending on the lignin content. Activation energy for the increase in diffusion coefficient with temperature is observed to be 16.55 kJ/mol. An empirical model of water uptake as a function of percentage of lignin and temperature was also developed based on Fick�s law. © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
date: 2018
publisher: Taylor and Francis Ltd.
official_url: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85020264720&doi=10.1080%2f09593330.2017.1332108&partnerID=40&md5=dcd04756c49ef803e35a5cb4a4c059f8
id_number: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1332108
full_text_status: none
publication: Environmental Technology (United Kingdom)
volume: 39
number: 12
pagerange: 1522-1532
refereed: TRUE
issn: 09593330
citation:   Sarwono, A. and Man, Z. and Bustam, M.A. and Subbarao, D. and Idris, A. and Muhammad, N. and Khan, A.S. and Ullah, Z.  (2018) Swelling mechanism of urea cross-linked starch�lignin films in water.  Environmental Technology (United Kingdom), 39 (12).  pp. 1522-1532.  ISSN 09593330