%P 30-36
%T Assessment of gonadotropins and testosterone hormone levels in regular Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) users
%I Elsevier Ireland Ltd
%V 221
%A D. Singh
%A V. Murugaiyah
%A S.B.S. Hamid
%A V. Kasinather
%A M.S.A. Chan
%A E.T.W. Ho
%A O. Grundmann
%A N.J.Y. Chear
%A S.M. Mansor
%D 2018
%R 10.1016/j.jep.2018.04.005
%O cited By 18
%L scholars10122
%J Journal of Ethnopharmacology
%X Ethnopharmacological relevance: Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) also known as kratom, is a native medicinal plant of Southeast Asia with opioid-like effects. Kratom tea/juice have been traditionally used as a folk remedy and for controlling opiate withdrawal in Malaysia. Long-term opioid use is associated with depletion in testosterone levels. Aim of the study: Since kratom is reported to deform sperm morphology and reduce sperm motility, we aimed to clinically investigate the testosterone levels following long-term kratom tea/juice use in regular kratom users. Methods: A total of 19 regular kratom users were recruited for this cross-sectional study. A full-blood test was conducted including determination of testosterone level, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) profile, as well as hematological and biochemical parameters of participants. Results: We found long-term kratom tea/juice consumption with a daily mitragynine dose of 76.23�94.15 mg did not impair testosterone levels, or gonadotrophins, hematological and biochemical parameters in regular kratom users. Conclusion: Regular kratom tea/juice consumption over prolonged periods (>2 years) was not associated with testosterone impairing effects in humans. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
%K follitropin; gonadotropin; kratom; luteinizing hormone; mitragynine; paynantheine; plant medicinal product; speciogynine; testosterone; unclassified drug; follitropin; luteinizing hormone; phytochemical; plant extract; testosterone, adult; Article; controlled study; cross-sectional study; female; follitropin blood level; food intake; gonadotropin blood level; human; human experiment; luteinizing hormone blood level; male; mass fragmentography; Mitragyna; Mitragyna speciosa; morphology; nonhuman; spermatozoon motility; tea; testosterone blood level; analysis; beverage; blood; young adult, Adult; Beverages; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Humans; Luteinizing Hormone; Male; Mitragyna; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Testosterone; Young Adult