TY  - JOUR
N2  - Ethnopharmacological relevance: Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) also known as kratom, is a native medicinal plant of Southeast Asia with opioid-like effects. Kratom tea/juice have been traditionally used as a folk remedy and for controlling opiate withdrawal in Malaysia. Long-term opioid use is associated with depletion in testosterone levels. Aim of the study: Since kratom is reported to deform sperm morphology and reduce sperm motility, we aimed to clinically investigate the testosterone levels following long-term kratom tea/juice use in regular kratom users. Methods: A total of 19 regular kratom users were recruited for this cross-sectional study. A full-blood test was conducted including determination of testosterone level, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) profile, as well as hematological and biochemical parameters of participants. Results: We found long-term kratom tea/juice consumption with a daily mitragynine dose of 76.23â??94.15 mg did not impair testosterone levels, or gonadotrophins, hematological and biochemical parameters in regular kratom users. Conclusion: Regular kratom tea/juice consumption over prolonged periods (>2 years) was not associated with testosterone impairing effects in humans. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
KW  - follitropin; gonadotropin; kratom; luteinizing hormone; mitragynine; paynantheine; plant medicinal product; speciogynine; testosterone; unclassified drug; follitropin; luteinizing hormone; phytochemical; plant extract; testosterone
KW  -  adult; Article; controlled study; cross-sectional study; female; follitropin blood level; food intake; gonadotropin blood level; human; human experiment; luteinizing hormone blood level; male; mass fragmentography; Mitragyna; Mitragyna speciosa; morphology; nonhuman; spermatozoon motility; tea; testosterone blood level; analysis; beverage; blood; young adult
KW  -  Adult; Beverages; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Humans; Luteinizing Hormone; Male; Mitragyna; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Testosterone; Young Adult
ID  - scholars10122
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85045758004&doi=10.1016%2fj.jep.2018.04.005&partnerID=40&md5=c77802ce43bbe5334f3b4612657c061e
A1  - Singh, D.
A1  - Murugaiyah, V.
A1  - Hamid, S.B.S.
A1  - Kasinather, V.
A1  - Chan, M.S.A.
A1  - Ho, E.T.W.
A1  - Grundmann, O.
A1  - Chear, N.J.Y.
A1  - Mansor, S.M.
JF  - Journal of Ethnopharmacology
VL  - 221
Y1  - 2018///
N1  - cited By 18
TI  - Assessment of gonadotropins and testosterone hormone levels in regular Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) users
SP  - 30
AV  - none
EP  - 36
SN  - 03788741
PB  - Elsevier Ireland Ltd
ER  -