Nanotechnology is one of the novel discoveries which are being explored in all fields. Nowadays the use of nanotechnology in various industries including agriculture and pharmaceuticals has attracted the attention of many researchers. The role of this technology in agriculture sector (crop management, crop improvement, nanofertilizer, nanoherbicides, and nanopesticides) is examined in this study; nanofertilizer has played a more effective role than others. They can increase nutrition and reduce soil toxicity. The growth of conventional herbicide-resistant weed species can be prevented using nanoherbicides. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2017.