Uemura, Y. and Omar, W. and Othman, N.A. and Yusup, S. and Tsutsui, T. (2013) Torrefaction of oil palm EFB in the presence of oxygen. Fuel, 103. pp. 156-160. ISSN 00162361
Full text not available from this repository.Abstract
Torrefaction of oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB), waste products from the palm oil industry, was carried out in a fixed-bed tubular reactor in the presence of oxygen at concentrations ranging from 0 to 15. The effects of oxygen concentration (0, 3, 9 and 15), temperature (493, 523 and 573 K) and biomass size (0.375, 1.5, 3 and 6 mm) on the torrefaction mass and energy yields were investigated. The mass yield decreased with increasing temperature and oxygen concentration, but was unaffected by biomass size. The energy yield decreased with increasing oxygen concentrations, but was still between 85 and 95. The energy yield showed concave profiles with increasing temperature. Mechanistically, it was found that the 'oxidative torrefaction' process occurred in two successive steps or via two parallel reactions, where; one reaction is ordinary torrefaction, and the other is oxidation. Analysis of the reaction kinetics based on the suggested mechanisms produced an activation energy of torrefaction, that was consistent with previous studies. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Item Type: | Article |
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Additional Information: | cited By 121 |
Uncontrolled Keywords: | EFB; Energy yields; Fixed-bed; Oil palm; Oil palm empty fruit bunch; Oxygen concentrations; Palm oil; Parallel reactions; Torrefaction; Tubular reactors; Waste products, Activation energy; Reaction kinetics; Vegetable oils, Oxygen |
Depositing User: | Mr Ahmad Suhairi UTP |
Date Deposited: | 09 Nov 2023 15:52 |
Last Modified: | 09 Nov 2023 15:52 |
URI: | https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/eprint/4052 |