The transformational potential of 3D printing within the manufacturing industry has been widely recognized. However, its widespread adoption faces significant practical challenges that extend beyond the technology itself, encompassing political, economic, social, and technical (PEST) factors. This research investigates the external variables impacting the successful implementation of 3D printing and proposes strategies to overcome these barriers. Through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM), we identified key external factors, including governmental regulations, economic conditions, societal acceptance, and technical readiness, that significantly influence the success of 3D printing deployment. Notably, addressing technological barriers emerged as a crucial factor. To address these implementation challenges, we recommend increased public awareness and stakeholder participation. Our findings indicate that these strategies can enhance the prospects of 3D printing adoption. These results hold significant implications for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers in the 3D printing industry. Understanding and mitigating external obstacles are critical for harnessing the benefits of 3D printing within a dynamic environment. This research sheds light on the multifaceted challenges surrounding 3D printing implementation, emphasizing the importance of proactive measures to overcome these hurdles. © 2023 THE AUTHORS