The rapid urbanization, economic growth, and improved living standards in developing countries are causing a significant increase in the amount of solid waste generated. To ensure a healthy environment for city residents and effectively manage waste resources, it is crucial to employ scientific methods as decision-making tools. However, the lack of competent institutions, financial and technical capabilities, and irresponsible social behavior hinder the implementation of an integrated and sustainable solid waste management (SWM) system. To address these challenges, researchers have proposed an optimized solution using mathematical modeling and GIS. This solution aims to enhance collection efficiency, optimize transportation, and maximize resource recovery and waste processing. By using linear mathematical modeling and the Arc-GIS Network Analyst tool, the study achieved a 13 route optimization in Phase 7 Hayatabad, indicating the potential for a more sustainable and cost-effective municipal solid waste (MSW) collection system in urban Peshawar. The study also explored different scenarios, such as increasing waste collection efficiency and implementing waste-to-energy technologies, which resulted in improved economic viability and reduced payback periods. Overall, the research highlights the need for adaptive strategies and policy reforms to establish sustainable and efficient waste management systems in rapidly growing cities, fostering a cleaner and more environmentally responsible urban future. © 2024 The Authors