3rd order optical nonlinearity enhancement of halochromic phenol red dye immobilized in PVA/silica hybrid host matrix

Li, A.T.B. and Bakar, M.A.A. and Omar, A.F. and Saheed, M.S.M. and Taib, N.A.M. and Mohammad, S.M. and Krishnan, G. and Abdullah, M. (2023) 3rd order optical nonlinearity enhancement of halochromic phenol red dye immobilized in PVA/silica hybrid host matrix. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 107 (3). pp. 523-535.

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Abstract

In this study, we investigate the third-order nonlinear optical properties of phenol red (PR) solutions and their hybrid composites, analyzing a PR solution with a pH of 7.56, a zwitterionic PR solution (PRz) with a pH of 1.52, and a PR-doped PVA/silica (PR-PS) hybrid composite made using an acid-catalysed sol-gel method and drop-casting technique. The PR-PS thin film exhibits a smooth and homogeneous surface, with a root mean square roughness (RMS) of 0.816 nm and an average roughness, Ra of 0.648 nm. FESEM was employed to analyze the surface morphology and thickness of the thin film, which was found to be approximately 80 µm. UV-vis analysis demonstrates that PR in the matrix is in its zwitterionic form, with absorption peaks at 450 nm and 515 nm. The PVA/silica hybrid matrix exhibits an enhancement in third-order nonlinear susceptibility, � (3) by 83.94. Moreover, our finding also indicates that the PR-PS hybrid composite�s β being being 79.09 and 99.37 larger than that of the PR and PRz samples, respectively. These results suggest that the PR-PS thin film is a promising material for photonic applications, such as nonlinear optical switching devices and optical limiting applications, due to its enhanced nonlinear optical properties. Graphical Abstract: Figure not available: see fulltext. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

Item Type: Article
Additional Information: cited By 0
Uncontrolled Keywords: Film thickness; Morphology; Nonlinear optics; Optical films; Optical properties; Phenols; Sol-gel process; Surface morphology; Surface roughness; Thin films, Host matrices; Hybrid composites; Optical nonlinearity enhancements; Phenol red; Phenol red dye; Red dyes; Silica hybrids; Sol'gel; Thin-films; Z-scan method, Sol-gels
Depositing User: Mr Ahmad Suhairi UTP
Date Deposited: 04 Jun 2024 14:10
Last Modified: 04 Jun 2024 14:10
URI: https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/eprint/18281

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