Graphene-based nanomaterials have been recognized as a core potential technology for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and conversion. It is considered as an alternative method to resolve the current energy and environmental issues with sustainable energy consumption and a reduction in pollutant emission. The reduction of carbon emissions to mitigate climate change is critically imperative. Currently, there are still many challenges faced in these materials to enhance the adsorption capacity in an effective and sustainable manner for this application. Hence, the present chapter reviews the recent advances and development progress of graphene-derived nanomaterials, particularly in CO2 capture and conversion. The different synthesis methods of graphene nanomaterials (Hummer�s method, mechanical exfoliation, electrochemical method, and chemical vapor deposition method) and types of graphene-based nanomaterials (photocatalytic reduction, electrochemical CO2 reduction, graphene-based nanomaterials for CO2 hydrogenation, graphene-based nanomaterials membranes for CO2 capture, and graphene-based nanomaterials for CO2 cycloaddition) are compiled based on recent literature. Lastly, the future prospects and technological challenges for the utilization of graphene-based nanomaterials for CO2 capture and conversion are disclosed. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.