A typical hydrogen fuel cell consists of two electrodes and an electrolyte membrane. The hydrogen and oxygen enter through the anode and cathode of a fuel cell, respectively. At anode, the catalyst oxidized the hydrogen molecules and obtains the electrons which move through the electric circuit, whereas the protons pass through the electrolytic membrane. The electron leads to the formation of electric current and heat, whereas the protons lead to the formation of water by combining with oxygen and electrons at cathode (reduction). The involvement of nanotechnology in the fabrication of fuels cells allows high aspect ratio, greater surface area which leads to more power generation, high energy densities, easy miniaturization, and longer shelf life. All of these characteristics are vital for the preparation of powerful fuel cell for transportable electric devices. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021.