With the ever-increasing population, the energy demands of the world are continuously increasing. Already existing sources of energy like fossils fuel are harmful for the environment and also depleting day by day. The need of the hour is to look for the sustainable fuels which can satisfy the modern requirements of humans. Hydrogen is the promising alternative to the conventional fuels because of high energy contents, zero greenhouse gas emissions, and low environmental impacts. However, generation and storage of hydrogen involve several difficult procedures to increase the efficiency, and nanotechnology plays an imperative role in increasing the efficiency of these methods. The chapter will explain the various areas of sustainable hydrogen production and storage which employs services of nanotechnology. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021.