Hydrogen sulfide is an important source of sustainable hydrogen. H2S is categorized as a highly toxic pollutant of both natural and anthropic origins. The decomposition of H2S serves two important purposes. Firstly, it eliminates one of the most toxic pollutants, and secondly, it generated the sustainable H2. There are several methods for the decomposition of H2S for the liberation of H2. Several H2S decomposition processes involve the use of nanotechnology. The common nanomaterial involved in the dissociation of H2S molecule utilizes the transition metal-based nanomaterials such as nanoparticles of different Cd chalcogens. Some carbon-based nanomaterials such as graphene oxide (GO) powder also involve in the decomposition of the compound. The present study will cover the commonly employed nanomaterials in H2S decomposition for the liberation of sustainable hydrogen. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021.