Over recent decades, massive greenhouse gas (GHG) releases in the environment by anthropogenic activities have contributed to global warming. It is also important that additional pollutants are reduced, or emerging solutions are created to prevent repeated CO2 accumulations. Biological processes in nature can evaluate ambient CO2, but the biological mechanism cannot absorb and use all CO2 in metropolitan and commercial environments where a large concentration of CO2 production is observed. Specific chemicals and plastic goods with CO2 absorption properties are not environmentally friendly or rather pricey. The usage of CO2 as a raw material at an industrial level is less important than the excess. Mechanisms for the production, aggregation, and utilization of carbon have developed in nature. The photosynthetic and organic species assimilate and eventually transform CO2 into complex molecules. Over the last three decades, extensive work has been conducted to identify chemical and ecosystem transformations of CO2, over numerous biological and synthetic materials including lactones, exopolysaccharides, bioplastics, microbial alcohols, carboxylic acids, esters, and biodiesel polymers. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.