The use of biohydrogen originated from biomass can play an important role in global energy security as it can be used in fuels and chemicals, in addition to its environmental sustainability due to its carbon neutral characteristics. Currently, the capacity of biohydrogen generation is insufficient, while the infrastructure that encompasses biomass waste resource and generation faces various technical-, policy-, and cost-related challenges. Biological and thermochemical processes are the two fundamental routes for the conversion of biomass into biohydrogen. Numerous studies have investigated these processes, which include gasification, pyrolysis, and liquefaction, etc. This chapter aims to provide a critical insight of the technical readiness level of each technology and to analyze the exact level (commercial state, pilot scale, and lab scale) of each technology involving the biomass collection, storage, and product delivery set up. This study will provide a guideline for further research, policymaking, and investment for prospectus investors. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.