The concept of a multireservoir systems in hydropower introduces the function of multiple units simultaneously to reach the peak requirements. The reservoir optimized operation is a complex, extremely nonlinear, high dimensional, and multimodal task. The options that can be evaluated manually are generally limited in numbers, which made it difficult to identify the most appropriate option and should be taken into account while making decisions. Presently, for solving the optimization problems in multireservoir system, many modern heuristic stochastic search algorithms were established. That is possible because of the aspects of artificial and computational intelligence technologies. By connecting metaheuristic algorithms, the decision options can be identified to make the most suitable utilization of the scarce resources, best natural results for a given allotment can be attained, and the best trade-offs between contending goals can be established. In this chapter, the authors review the latest meta-heuristic optimization technique and their applications to maximize the economic factors. © 2020, IGI Global.