Hydraulic fracturing has been around for several decades since 1860s. It is one of the methods used to recover unconventional gas reservoirs. Hydraulic fracturing design is a challenging task due to the reservoir heterogeneity, complicated geological setting and in situ stress field. Hence, there are plenty of fracture modelling available to simulate the fracture initiation and propagation. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review on hydraulic fracturing modelling based on current hydraulic fracturing literature. Fundamental theory of hydraulic fracturing modelling is elaborated. Effort is made to cover the analytical and numerical modelling, while focusing on eXtended Finite Element Modelling (XFEM). © 2020, The Author(s).