This chapter presents an overview of emerging contaminants in landfill leachate and their treatment methods. In addition to introducing the conventional contaminants present in the leachate, the chapter also details emerging contaminants such as poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and phthalate acid esters (PAEs) and their concentrations in various environmental matrices. PAHs and PAEs are highly carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic substances which is why they have attracted a lot of concern in the studies of water, air, and soil pollution. They affect the endocrinal activities in animals and humans, therefore they are known as endocrine disrupting compounds. Drawing on the treatment methods of leachate, the chapter explains physico-chemical, biological, and advanced oxidation processes. The chapter also advances the discussion on their importance and efficiency in the leachate treatment. â © 2020 by IGI Global. All rights reserved.